Shadda represents doubling (or gemination) of a consonant. It sits above the letter which is not followed by a vowel. Whenever a consonant does not have a vowel, it receives a mark called a sukūn, a small circle which represents the end of a closed syllable (CvC or CvvC). When Ya' is used to represent the long vowel, kasra appears above the preceding consonant. Ya' is the long vowel ī (like the "ee" in English "sheep"). It represents a short vowel i (like the "i" in English "pit"). Kasra is a diagonal stroke written below the consonant which precedes it in pronunciation. It represents a short vowel a (a little like the "u" in "but" a short "ah" sound).Īlif is the long vowel ā (a long "ahh" sound as in English "father"). When Waw is used to represent the long vowel, damma appears above the preceding consonant.įatha is a diagonal stroke written above the consonant which precedes it in pronunciation. Wāw is the long vowel ū (like the "oo" in "moon"). It represents a short vowel u (like the "u" in "but"). Index => The Arabic Alphabet: Vowels Nameĭamma is an apostrophe-like shape written above the consonant which precedes it in pronunciation.
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